European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus)
A deciduous tree known for its smooth, gray, muscular-looking bark and dense foliage, which provides excellent year-round screening. It is a hardy tree that tolerates various soil types, full sun to part shade, and is well-suited for urban environments. Uses include formal hedges, windbreaks, screens, and standalone ornamental trees. Provides food and shelter for birds and small mammals. European hornbeam wood is historically valued for its strength and modern use in furniture and turning.
Dark green leaves turn a reliable yellow in the fall. It retains its previous year's leaves through much of the winter, providing excellent screening. Produces non-showy male and female flowers in April.
Typically grows to a height of 40-60 feet with a spread of 30-40 feet. Adaptable to a wide range of soil types, including chalk, clay, loam, and sand. Prefers moist, well-drained soil but is drought-tolerant once established. It can tolerate moist, and even occasionally wet soils. Best pruned in late summer to mid-winter to avoid bleeding. It tolerates heavy pruning, especially when grown as a hedge. USDA zones 4-8.
Available as potted trees in 5 1/2 inch band pots.
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